What is the primary risk associated with vaginal delivery in cases of shoulder dystocia?

The primary risk associated with vaginal delivery in cases of shoulder dystocia is the higher risk of shoulder injury to the infant. Shoulder dystocia occurs when the baby’s shoulder gets stuck behind the mother’s pelvic bone during delivery, which can result in trauma to the brachial plexus nerves that control movement in the arm. This can lead to conditions such as Erb's palsy or other nerve injuries in the infant. The mechanics of the birth process and the challenges of resolving shoulder dystocia can contribute to this risk, emphasizing the importance of proper management during delivery.

While other factors such as the risk of cesarean section, prolonged labor, and maternal mental health issues may be relevant in the context of childbirth complications, the immediate and most concerning outcome during a shoulder dystocia situation is the potential for physical injury to the infant, making the risk of shoulder injury paramount in this scenario.