What is shoulder dystocia?

Shoulder dystocia is a specific obstetric emergency that occurs during delivery when the baby's shoulder becomes lodged behind the mother's pelvic bone, preventing the shoulders from delivering after the head has emerged. This condition can lead to complications for both the baby and the mother, as it may result in injury to the brachial plexus nerves in the infant or increased risks for hemorrhage in the mother if not managed quickly and effectively.

Recognizing shoulder dystocia early and employing appropriate maneuvers is critical in managing the situation. Understanding this condition is essential for healthcare providers to ensure they are prepared to address the challenges that arise during childbirth, especially in cases where potential risk factors are present.

The other options do not accurately define shoulder dystocia: the second choice refers to cephalopelvic disproportion, the third choice describes a breech presentation, and the fourth option is about methods to induce labor, none of which relate directly to the actual issue of shoulder dystocia.