What is a potential long-term consequence of brachial plexus injury due to shoulder dystocia?

A potential long-term consequence of brachial plexus injury due to shoulder dystocia is Erb's palsy. This condition specifically arises when there is damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus nerves, typically during birth when the infant's shoulder gets caught on the mother's pelvic bone. The injury can lead to weakness or paralysis in the affected arm, resulting in difficulties with arm movement and function.

Erb’s palsy manifests through a characteristic posture of the arm, known as the waiter's tip position, where the affected arm is adducted and extended with the forearm pronated. Depending on the severity of the injury, the effects can range from mild weakness to complete loss of function. Early diagnosis and rehabilitation can improve outcomes, but in some cases, the condition can lead to lasting challenges in motor skills and coordination. Understanding the specific impacts of brachial plexus injuries is vital for anticipating and managing the long-term consequences effectively.