In shoulder dystocia, what does 'fetal macrosomia' refer to?

Fetal macrosomia specifically refers to a condition in which a baby weighs significantly more than the average for its gestational age, typically defined as a birth weight over 4,000 to 4,500 grams (about 8 pounds 13 ounces to 9 pounds 15 ounces). This condition can create challenges during delivery, particularly the risk of shoulder dystocia, where the baby's shoulder gets stuck after the head has emerged. When a baby is larger than expected, it can lead to complications such as increased maternal morbidity, protracted labor, and the need for assisted delivery techniques.

Recognizing fetal macrosomia is crucial for healthcare providers, as it influences the management and potential interventions during labor, especially to prevent complications like shoulder dystocia. Understanding this condition helps in planning for safer delivery methods and can lead to better outcomes for both the mother and the baby.